Disney Goes Doo-Wop: Billy Storm

Album: Billy Storm

Artist: Billy Storm

Label: Buena Vista Records

Year Released: 1963

In December of 1962, Disney released the animated short A Symposium on Popular Songs. Hosted by Ludwig von Drake, the short promised a tour of “Sixty years of syncopation.” Each song in the short was written by the Sherman Brothers, and each represented a different era and musical style. 

The film included the song “Puppy Love is Here to Stay,” which was performed by an animated group known as Jackie Babylon and the Babylonians. The part of Jackie Babylon was performed by a twenty four year old singer known as Billy Storm. The song itself was a gentle parody of songs like Paul Anka’s “Puppy Love,” and other hits of the 1950s, specifically the love songs of doo wop groups like The Penguins, The Teenagers, and The Del-Vikings.

Doo-wop had grown out of rhythm and blues, gospel, and the music of Black vocal groups like The Mills Brothers and The Ink Spots. The form grew and flourished among teens, typically Black males, who gathered and sang the music in locations like street corners and school gyms. 

It was a natural for Storm, born William Spicer, who was a member of The Sabers, alongside Sheridan “Rip” Spencer, Brice Coefield, Walter Carter, and a member remembered only as “Herbie.” Born in Dayton, Ohio in 1938, Spicer later moved to Los Angeles, where he sang in the LA High School Choir, alongside Bruce Coefield. “Rip” Spencer, Coefield’s cousin, was a student at Jordan High School.

Spicer was massively influenced by the music and singing of Clyde McPhatter, who’d achieved his earliest success as lead tenor of Billy Ward and the Dominoes (who recorded “Sixty-Minute Man,” occasionally referred to as the “first rock and roll song”), and later was a member of The Drifters. 

The Sabers released the song “Always, Forever” in 1955, but it was not a commercial success. As a result, they rechristened themselves The Chavelles. During this time, they became acquainted with jazz pianist Lloyd Glenn. He took an interest in the group and offered to let them use a song he’d written called “Red Tape.”  They then began working with Robert “Bumps” Blackwell, who would stake a place for himself in music history working with Little Richard, Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Sam Cooke, and others.

The group released “Valley of Love” through Vita Records in 1956 and“Red Tape” was the B-side on the record. Both were recorded at the studio of Ted Brinson, the same studio that The Penguins used to record their hit “Earth Angel.” Sadly, “Valley of Love” did not achieve the same success as “Earth Angel” and both Herbie and Walter Carter left the group.

  The group was acquainted with The Squires, a group from Pasadena who’d been influenced by musicians like The Five Blind Boys of Mississippi, and The Dixie Hummingbirds. Chester Pipkin was their guitarist and tenor, and the remaining members of the Chavelles recruited him to join their group. Another name change followed, and the Chavelles became The Valiants.

The group’s first real hit came in 1957 with the release of “This is the Nite.” The B-side was a jump blues tunes written by John Marascalco and “Bumps” Blackwell called “Good Golly, Miss Molly.” Little Richard had recorded his version in 1956, but did not release the song until 1958, meaning that The Valiants version was the first released. It did not, however, ever achieve the level of success that Little Richard with the number.

Songs like “Lover, Lover,” “Temptation of My Heart,” and “Please Wait My Love,” followed, but the Valiants never achieved great commercial success and in 1958 Spicer departed. He joined up with a group known as the Vita Squires and recording two songs, “Every Word of the Song,” and “Listen to Your Heart.” These would be released on one label under the name Billy Fortune and the Squires and on another as Billy Storm and the Squires.

Spicer’s greatest commercial success, “I’ve Come of Age,” was released in 1959 and reached #28 on the Pop Charts. Over the next two years, he would record songs with Phil Spector. Then in 1962, he made his Disney debut.

Following A Symposium on Popular Song, he appeared on Disney’s 1962 album Maurice Chevalier and Hayley Mills Take You to Teen Street. He had three songs on the record, “Pushover,” “Double Date,” and “Good Girl.”

His self-titled album was released one year later. The entire first side of the record is a performance of Sigmund Rosberg and Oscar Hammerstein II’s song “Lover Come Back to Me.” It’s a virtuoso performance, lasting just over 16 minutes and shifts through multiple styles. The concept was based on Salvador “Tutti” Camarata’s belief that the LP was not being used to its full potential in pop music, and that (much as in classical) it should make better use of the long playing ability. 

Camarata (who would become a Disney Legend) leads the orchestra and chorus that accompanies Spicer on songs like  “Lonely People Do Foolish Things,” and “Body and Soul.” The orchestration is lush and evocative. By contrast, “Walk on the Wild Side” begins with nothing but drums and vocals that soar with all the passion of a southern preacher at the pulpit. When he sings “Sinner, hear what I’m sayin’” its almost enough to send a non-believer to the chapel. The track “Cee Cee Rider” features a screaming blues guitar line, while the spare instrumentation on “God Bless the Child” perfectly captures the pathos of the lyrics.    

Though it contains a sparse six tracks, the album is a gem from a voice that deserves to be much better known. 

Suggested Listening

Song: This is the Night

Artist: The Valiants

Label: Keen

Year Released: 1957

Song: Such a Night

Artist: The Drifters featuring Clyde McPhatter

Label: Atlantic

Year Released: 1954

Song: Honey Love

Artist: Billy Storm

Label: Atlantic

Year Released: 1961

Music of the Disney Parks: Hello, Space Angels

Attraction: Sonny Eclipse

Park: Magic Kingdom

Debut: January 1995

Sonny Eclipse, the “Biggest Little Star in the Galaxy,” provides the in-restaurant entertainment at Cosmic Ray’s Starlight Cafe in Tomorrowland at the Magic Kingdom. Along with his invisible backup singers, The Space Angels, he’s been entertaining Guests at Walt Disney World for close to 30 years, cracking jokes and singing catchy little melodies while they eat. 

Sonny’s character, and the nature of his show, were created by Imagineer Kevin Rafferty, who then teamed with longtime Disney composer George Wilkins to write his songs. In the earliest incarnation, Sonny would have sung inverted versions of jazz standards, tickling the keys of his “Astro Organ” while taking songs like “How High the Moon” and performing it as “How Low the Moon.” The plan was abandoned when it became apparent that licensing would cost a fortune.

“He (Rafferty) and I wrote all the songs and produced all the tracks at my studio in Sherman Oaks, California,” Wilkins said. “I worked with several animators on this, perfecting all the organ and mouth animation.  Because Sonny is a nightclub act he had to have a girls backup trio.  Since that would have been impossible money-wise we made them “invisible space angels” that he could call upon wherever and whenever.  As far as the Astro Organ went, we knew a performer who had a MIDI setup very much like we needed that could do anything from musical instruments to sound effects.” 

Sonny’s songs cover a wide range of styles, from the Rat Pack-esque “Yew Nork” to the bluesy “Gravity Blues.” Each track is a delight, but I’ve always been particularly taken by “Hello, Space Angels,” a throwback to the doo-wop era and musicians like The Chantels, Dion & the Belmonts, The Platters, and more.

According to Wilkins, the song was written as a way of explaining the presence of Sonny’s invisible backup singers. 

Bluesman Kal David (born David Raskin) provided the voice of Sonny Eclipse. He’d met Wilkins a number of years before while performing at a lounge, and the pair worked together on the song “Unhealthy Living Blues,” for the Goofy About Health area of Epcot’s Wonders of Life Pavilion. 

“Although Sonny’s songs are for the most part, not the blues, the transition was easy,” David said.  “George advised me to just be myself, so the voice is me singing for real, but the lines I speak are exaggerated.  The songs are really quite beautiful.  I just sang them as well as I could.  I tried to give the songs some soul.  Sonny’s music is not so different from mine.”

   A group known as “The Brunettes,” which included Kal David’s wife and longtime musical partner Lauri Bono, provided the voices for the Space Angels. 

“The Brunettes are Lauri Bono, Amy Weston, and Patti Brooks,” David said.  “They sang in my larger band and I was musical director for them and the leader of their band.  When George was casting the Space Angels, we told him about Amy and Patti and he liked the idea of the self-contained group as opposed to hiring three individuals.  Also, they are great singers with a great natural blend.”

Looking back on the song and Sonny’s long career, David recalled, “It is quite remarkable how popular Sonny has become. I hear from his fans all the time.  They return to Cosmic Ray’s Starlight Cafe over and over to catch his act.  Sonny is a classic!  I am happy to be a part of it.  Folks who know of me will recognize my voice coming out of Sonny and write to ask, is that you?  It has been fun being Sonny’s voice.”

Music of the Disney Parks: Tapestry of Nations

Attraction: Tapestry of Nations parade

Park: EPCOT

Debut: October 1, 1999

At the beginning of the Tapestry of Nations parade, the character known as the Sage of Time declares, “Peace and goodwill to all who gather here for this earthly celebration. May the spirit of humanity bring us together…may the promise of the new millennium light the child within your heart.  And now…as the millennium drums unite and become one heartbeat, let us fly together hand in hand on the wings of joy, kindness, compassion, and love.”

Such bold and inspiring words were a fitting beginning to a spectacle created for part of the Walt Disney World Millenium Celebration, and they required equally uplifting music to give the parade a sense of wonder, unity, and joy. 

Disney first turned to German composer Hans Zimmer, whose score for The Lion King had won an Academy Award in 1995. Unfortunately, other projects forced Zimmer to decline, and he recommended English composer Gavin Greenaway. 

The parade’s iconic puppets influenced some of Greenaway’s composition, as he was forced to write the music at a pace in keeping with the puppeteers’ ability to move. Unlike most parade scores, Tapestry of Nations would not feature a repeating loop of music, with Greenaway instead deciding to create a roughly 30-minute piece. So, while the piece had repeating themes, they were slightly different each time they occurred. 

The music for the parade was recorded at the fabled Abbey Road Studios in England, with members of the London Symphony Orchestra and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra participating. 

One of the most remarkable parts of the music was Greenaway’s vocal score, which required a 30-piece choir. At first listen, you might assume that the vocals performed during the piece are speaking some language that you do not know. I’ll admit that for a time I thought that the words were written in an African dialect like Swahili. Just listen to a piece like Christopher Tin’s “Baba Yetu” and you can hear the similarity. The vocals sound as though they could have been plucked from a performance by the Soweto Gospel Choir.

While the vocal line may owe more than a passing debt to African musical traditions, the language sung in the composition was created by Greenaway for the parade. In a 2016 interview, Greenaway stated of the “lyrics” that accompany the music, “The words are made up to sound like a language, as I didn’t want to have some people understanding and others not. So, this way, nobody understands the words! But I chose the sounds and syllables to sound like some sort of proto-language. Very simple vowels and limited consonants. Each listener can attach their own meaning.”

That said, according to show director Gary Paben, Greenaway did assign his own interpretation of the oft-repeated phrase, “Wé la” Speaking at the parade’s 20-year Cast Member Reunion held in September of 2019, he stated, “I believe it was Gavin who finally came up with the word ‘Wé la’…I’ll tell you what ‘Wé la’means. It means ‘be grateful.’”

It’s a perfect word to use because listening to the music today leaves one with an innate sense of hope and gratitude.

Music of the Disney Parks: It’s Fun to Be Free

Attraction: World of Motion

Park: Epcot

Debut: October 1, 1982

Next to “It’s a Small World (After All),” the song “It’s Fun to Be Free” from Epcot’s World of Motion may be the single greatest earworm in the history of Disney Parks. Much like the Sherman Brothers’ composition, it’s a catchy little ditty that played repeatedly throughout its attraction. By the time you stepped out of your Omnimover, you were guaranteed to be humming it for the rest of the day (or your life).

World of Motion, presented by General Motors, was an opening day attraction for Epcot that took Guests on a guided tour of the history of transportation. Legendary Disney figures such as Ward Kimball, Marc Davis, and Claude Coats were involved in the creation of the attraction. When it came to the attraction’s theme song, the company turned to X. Atencio (who wrote the lyrics for “Yo Ho (A Pirate’s Life for Me)” and “Grim, Grinning Ghosts” among others), and composer Norman “Buddy” Baker (whose Disney career began by working on the Davy Crockett series).

Atencio’s lyrics were simplistic, celebrating the joys of travel and being in motion. A quick sample gives you an idea of the whole:

It’s fun to be free

To be on the move

To go anywhere

With ever a care to

Do all you’ve wanted to do

It’s fun to be free

Like, “It’s a Small World (After All)” it’s the simplicity of the lyrics that makes the song so memorable. One listen through and you can pretty much sing it from memory. It’s a particular skill that Atencio seems to have possessed, despite having no background in music prior to Disney.

The second half of the equation is Buddy Baker’s brilliant melody. It’s endlessly singable, just complex enough to be interesting while maintaining that jingle-like quality that ensures that it sticks in your head. Even more remarkable is the sheer number of variations that Baker composed. 

The song plays throughout the attraction as well as in the queue. In the attraction, the song runs on a one-minute loop overlaid with stylistic shifts depending on location. For instance, Guests might find themselves in China or the Wild West, and the melody was adapted to match the setting. Like the scenes and special effects, the music maintains a playful feel throughout, highlighting the lighthearted approach that World of Motion took toward education.

While waiting in the queue, Guests could also hear a number of variations on the tune, including renditions performed in the style of Spike Jones and His City Slickers, The Beach Boys, and psychedelic soul group The Fifth Dimension. World of Motion closed in January of 1996, making way for Test Track Presented by General Motors, which opened in March of 1999. Though it has been gone for over a quarter century, the attraction (and its delightful theme song) still maintains a legion of fans around the world who still haven’t stopped singing, “It’s fun to be free!”